Exploring the Intersection of Culture and Education in Nunavik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v7i1.78Abstract
During the last century, Nunavik’s Inuit population has experienced social transformations which have manifested themselves in a range of social issues. Nunavik lies north of the 55th parallel in Quebec, Canada and is one of four regions in Canada that comprise Inuit Nunaat (Inuvialuit, Nunatsiavut, Nunavik, and Nunavut) – Inuit homeland. The Inuit are one of three distinct Indigenous groups in Canada as defined by the Constitution Act, 1982, with distinct cultural heritage and language. Community Capability and Development in Nunavik, a collaborative project between McGill School of Social Work researchers and an Advisory Committee composed of representatives from key Inuit institutions, explored social issues and community assets in Nunavik. This study sought to (a) provide a forum for community members to voice issues important to them; (b) inform policy development prior to the vote on regional government; and (c) increase the growth of community linkages that support research dissemination via a network of researchers, community members and organizations.
References
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Chabot, M. (2003). Economic changes, household strategies, and social relations of contemporary Nunavik Inuit. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=139502&jid=POL&volume Id=39&issueId=01&aid=139501
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Collings, P. (2000). Aging and life course development in an Inuit community. Arctic Anthropology, 37, 111-125. University of Wisconsin Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/ pdfplus/40316533.pdf
Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse (2006). Nunavik: Report, Conclusions on the Investigation and Recommendations.
Drummond, S. G. (1997). Incorporating the familiar: An investigation into legal sensibilities in Nunavik. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Duhaime, G. (2008). Socio-economic profile: Nunavik. Nunivaat Arctic Statistics. Retrieved on September 24th, 2010 from http://www.nunivaat.org/TableViewer. aspx?U=http://www.chaireconditionautochtone.fss.ulaval.ca/extranet/doc/159.pdf
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Duhaime, G. (2004). Social and economic situation of Nunavik and the future of the state. Nunivaat, Nunavik Statistics Program. Available at: www.nunivaat.org
Eccles, J., & Harold, R. (1996). Family involvement in children’s and adolescents’ school- ing. In A. Booth and J. Dunn (Eds.), Family-school links: how do they affect educational outcomes? (pp. 3–34). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.
Ermine, W. (1995). Aboriginal epistemology. In M. Battiste and J. Barman (Eds.), First Nations education in Canada: The circle unfolds. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
Fenelon, J. V., & Hall, T. D. (2008). Revitalization and Indigenous resistance to globalization and neoliberalism. American Behavioral Scientist, 51, 1867-1901.
Fisher, J., & Campbell, L. (2002). Improving the Aboriginal educational experience in public schools. Alberta: Peace Wapiti School Board.
Goldback, I., & Winther-Jensen, T. (1988). Greenland: Society and education. Comparative Education, 24, 2, 257-266.
Gray, M., Yellow Bird, M., & Coates, J. (2008). Towards an understanding of Indigenous social work, in M. Gray, J. Coates, & M. Yellow Bird (eds.), Indigenous social work around the world: Towards culturally relevant education and practice (pp. 49-58). Hampshire, England: Ashgate.
Grbich, C. (2007). Qualitative data analysis. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Hense, R. C., & Vanett, L. (1993). To walk in two worlds: Or more? Challenging a common metaphor of Native education. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 24, 2, 116-134.
Hill, N. E., & Taylor, L.C. (2004). Parental school involvement and children’s academic achievement; pragmatics and issues. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 4, 161-164.
Institut national de santé publique du Québec (2008). Nunavik: The place where we live. Développement social, 9, 1, 8-28.
Inuit Tapriit Kanatami (2007). Post-Secondary Case Studies in Inuit Education. Discussion Paper No. 2 for the Naional Inuit Education Summit. Silta Associates. Retrieved on July 26, 2011 from http://www.itk.ca/sites/default/files/Post-Secondary- Case-Studies-in-Inuit-Education_0.pdf
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Kativik School Board; n.d. History of Kativik School Board. Kativik School Board Website. Retrieved on May 27th, 2011 from http://www.kativik.qc.ca/about-kativik-school-board
Kirmayer, L., Simpson, C., & Cargo, M. (2003). Healing traditions: Culture, community and mental health promotion with Canadian Aboriginal peoples. Australasian Psychiatry, 11, S15-S23.
Lamb-Parker, F., Piotrkowski, C. S., & Peay, L. (1987). Head Start as a social support for mothers: the psychological benefits of involvement. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 2, 220–33.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
McGrath, M. (2006). The long exile: A tale of Inuit betrayal and survival in the High Arctic. New York: Vintage.
McKee, M. Delaney, R., & Brownlee, K. (2009). Reflective practice: The key to context- sensitive practice in Northern communities. In R. Delaney and K. Brownlee (Eds.), Northern and rural social work practice: A Canadian perspective (pp.192-208). Thunder Bay, Ontario: Centre for Northern Studies.
McShane, K., Hastings, P. D., Smylie, J. K., Prince, C., & Tungasuvvingat Inuit Family Resource Center. (2009). Examining evidence for autonomy and relatedness in urban Inuit parenting. Culture & Psychology, 15, 4, 411-431. http://cap.sagepub.com/cgi/ reprint/15/4/411.
Menzies, C. R., & Hingangaroa Smith, G. (2004). Editorial: Transformational sites of Indigenous education. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 28, 1-7.
Nekhwevha, F. (1999). No matter how long the night, the day is sure to come: Culture and educational transformation in post-colonial Namibia and post-apartheid South Africa. International Review of Education, 45, 491-506.
Nunavut Arctic College (2008). Nunavik Arctic College Website: Customized Training. Retrieved on July 26th, 2011 from http://www.arcticcollege.ca/about/customizedtraining_eng.aspx
Nunavut Arctic College (n.d.). Nunavik Arctic College Website: Teaching and learning principles. Available at: http://www.arcticcollege.ca/publications/posters/3265-006%20 TL%20Poster_Eng_Inuk.pdf
Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada (2006). National Inuit strategy for abuse prevention. Retrieved on October 10, 2010 from http://www.pauktuutit.ca/pdf/publications/abuse/ InuitStrategy_e.pdf
Penny, C. (2009). Formal educational attainment of Inuit in Canada, 1981-2006. In J. P. White, J. Peters, D. Beavon, & N. Spence (eds.), Aboriginal education: Current crisis and future alternatives (pp. 33-46). Toronto: Thompson Educational.
Popay, J., Enoch, E., Johnson, H., & Rispel, L. (2006). Social Exclusion Knowledge Network: Scoping of SEKN and proposed approach. Lancaster University, UK: Institute for Health Research. Available at: http://www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/ sekn_scoping.pdf
Robinson-Zanartu, C., & Majel-Dixon, J. (1996). Parent voices: American Indian relationships with schools. Journal of American Indian Education, 36 (Fall), 33-54.
Rodon, T., & Grey, M. (2009). The long and winding road to self-government: The Nunavik and Nunatsiavut experiences. In F. Abele, T.J. Couchene, F.L. Seidle, & F. St-Hilaire (Eds.), The Art of the State IV: Northern Exposure; Peoples, Powers and Prospects in Canada’s North (pp.317-343). Montreal, QC: Institute for Research on Public Policy.
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Taylor, D. M., Crago, M. B., & McAlpine, L. (1993). Education in Aboriginal communities: Dilemmas around empowerment. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 20, 176-183.
Tester, F. J., & Kulchyski, P. (1994). Tammarniit (mistakes): Inuit relocation in the Eastern Arctic, 1939-63. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
Thomson, W., Aitken, O., & Ives, N. (2008). Final report of the Rethinking social work education in First Nations and Inuit communities project, funded by Ministère de l’Education, du Loisir et du Sport de Quebec.
Vick-Westgate, A. (2002). Nunavik: Inuit controlled education in Arctic Quebec. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
Weaver, S. M. (2007). Cultivating connections with parents. The Clearing House, 81, 5-7.
Wehbi, S. (2009). Deconstructing motivations: Challenging international social work placements. International Social Work, 52, 48-59.
Wilson, G.N. (2008). Nested federalism in Arctic Quebec: A comparative perspective. Canadian Journal of Political Science 41 (1), 71-92.
Archibald, L., & Grey, R. (2000). Evaluating models of healthcare delivery in Inuit regions. Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Ottawa.
Baikie, G. (2009). Indigenous-centred social work: Theorizing a social work way of being. In R. Sinclair, M. A. Hart, and G. Bruyere (Eds.), Wíchihitowin: Aboriginal social work in Canada (pp. 42-61). Halifax, NS: Fernwood.
Briskman, L. (2008). Decolonizing social work in Australia: Prospect or illusion? In M. Gray, J. Coates, and M. Yellow Bird (Eds.), Indigenous social work around the world: Towards culturally relevant education and practice (pp. 83-93). Surrey, England: Ashgate.
Chabot, M. (2003). Economic changes, household strategies, and social relations of contemporary Nunavik Inuit. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=139502&jid=POL&volume Id=39&issueId=01&aid=139501
Coffey, W., & Tsosie, R. (2001). “Rethinking the Tribal Sovereignty Doctrine: Cultural sovereignty and the collective future of Indian nations,” Stanford Law & Policy Review, 12, 191-202.
Collings, P. (2000). Aging and life course development in an Inuit community. Arctic Anthropology, 37, 111-125. University of Wisconsin Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/ pdfplus/40316533.pdf
Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse (2006). Nunavik: Report, Conclusions on the Investigation and Recommendations.
Drummond, S. G. (1997). Incorporating the familiar: An investigation into legal sensibilities in Nunavik. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Duhaime, G. (2008). Socio-economic profile: Nunavik. Nunivaat Arctic Statistics. Retrieved on September 24th, 2010 from http://www.nunivaat.org/TableViewer. aspx?U=http://www.chaireconditionautochtone.fss.ulaval.ca/extranet/doc/159.pdf
Duhaime, G. (2007). Profil socioéconomique du Nunavik 2006. Quebec, Chaire de recherche du Canada sur la condition autochtone comparée, Université Laval.
Duhaime, G. (2004). Social and economic situation of Nunavik and the future of the state. Nunivaat, Nunavik Statistics Program. Available at: www.nunivaat.org
Eccles, J., & Harold, R. (1996). Family involvement in children’s and adolescents’ school- ing. In A. Booth and J. Dunn (Eds.), Family-school links: how do they affect educational outcomes? (pp. 3–34). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates.
Ermine, W. (1995). Aboriginal epistemology. In M. Battiste and J. Barman (Eds.), First Nations education in Canada: The circle unfolds. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
Fenelon, J. V., & Hall, T. D. (2008). Revitalization and Indigenous resistance to globalization and neoliberalism. American Behavioral Scientist, 51, 1867-1901.
Fisher, J., & Campbell, L. (2002). Improving the Aboriginal educational experience in public schools. Alberta: Peace Wapiti School Board.
Goldback, I., & Winther-Jensen, T. (1988). Greenland: Society and education. Comparative Education, 24, 2, 257-266.
Gray, M., Yellow Bird, M., & Coates, J. (2008). Towards an understanding of Indigenous social work, in M. Gray, J. Coates, & M. Yellow Bird (eds.), Indigenous social work around the world: Towards culturally relevant education and practice (pp. 49-58). Hampshire, England: Ashgate.
Grbich, C. (2007). Qualitative data analysis. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Hense, R. C., & Vanett, L. (1993). To walk in two worlds: Or more? Challenging a common metaphor of Native education. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 24, 2, 116-134.
Hill, N. E., & Taylor, L.C. (2004). Parental school involvement and children’s academic achievement; pragmatics and issues. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 4, 161-164.
Institut national de santé publique du Québec (2008). Nunavik: The place where we live. Développement social, 9, 1, 8-28.
Inuit Tapriit Kanatami (2007). Post-Secondary Case Studies in Inuit Education. Discussion Paper No. 2 for the Naional Inuit Education Summit. Silta Associates. Retrieved on July 26, 2011 from http://www.itk.ca/sites/default/files/Post-Secondary- Case-Studies-in-Inuit-Education_0.pdf
Ives, N., & Aitken, O. (2009). From colonized region to globalized region? Challenges to addressing social issues in Nunavik in the transition to regional government. Indigenous Policy Journal, 20, 3. http://ipjournal.wordpress.com/2009/12/16/from-colonized- region-to-globalized-region/
Ives, N., Aitken, O., Loft, M., & Phillips, M. (2007). Rethinking social work education for Indigenous students: Creating space for multiple ways for multiple ways of knowing and learning. First Peoples Child & Family Review, 3, 4, 13-20.
Kativik School Board; n.d. History of Kativik School Board. Kativik School Board Website. Retrieved on May 27th, 2011 from http://www.kativik.qc.ca/about-kativik-school-board
Kirmayer, L., Simpson, C., & Cargo, M. (2003). Healing traditions: Culture, community and mental health promotion with Canadian Aboriginal peoples. Australasian Psychiatry, 11, S15-S23.
Lamb-Parker, F., Piotrkowski, C. S., & Peay, L. (1987). Head Start as a social support for mothers: the psychological benefits of involvement. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 2, 220–33.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
McGrath, M. (2006). The long exile: A tale of Inuit betrayal and survival in the High Arctic. New York: Vintage.
McKee, M. Delaney, R., & Brownlee, K. (2009). Reflective practice: The key to context- sensitive practice in Northern communities. In R. Delaney and K. Brownlee (Eds.), Northern and rural social work practice: A Canadian perspective (pp.192-208). Thunder Bay, Ontario: Centre for Northern Studies.
McShane, K., Hastings, P. D., Smylie, J. K., Prince, C., & Tungasuvvingat Inuit Family Resource Center. (2009). Examining evidence for autonomy and relatedness in urban Inuit parenting. Culture & Psychology, 15, 4, 411-431. http://cap.sagepub.com/cgi/ reprint/15/4/411.
Menzies, C. R., & Hingangaroa Smith, G. (2004). Editorial: Transformational sites of Indigenous education. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 28, 1-7.
Nekhwevha, F. (1999). No matter how long the night, the day is sure to come: Culture and educational transformation in post-colonial Namibia and post-apartheid South Africa. International Review of Education, 45, 491-506.
Nunavut Arctic College (2008). Nunavik Arctic College Website: Customized Training. Retrieved on July 26th, 2011 from http://www.arcticcollege.ca/about/customizedtraining_eng.aspx
Nunavut Arctic College (n.d.). Nunavik Arctic College Website: Teaching and learning principles. Available at: http://www.arcticcollege.ca/publications/posters/3265-006%20 TL%20Poster_Eng_Inuk.pdf
Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada (2006). National Inuit strategy for abuse prevention. Retrieved on October 10, 2010 from http://www.pauktuutit.ca/pdf/publications/abuse/ InuitStrategy_e.pdf
Penny, C. (2009). Formal educational attainment of Inuit in Canada, 1981-2006. In J. P. White, J. Peters, D. Beavon, & N. Spence (eds.), Aboriginal education: Current crisis and future alternatives (pp. 33-46). Toronto: Thompson Educational.
Popay, J., Enoch, E., Johnson, H., & Rispel, L. (2006). Social Exclusion Knowledge Network: Scoping of SEKN and proposed approach. Lancaster University, UK: Institute for Health Research. Available at: http://www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/ sekn_scoping.pdf
Robinson-Zanartu, C., & Majel-Dixon, J. (1996). Parent voices: American Indian relationships with schools. Journal of American Indian Education, 36 (Fall), 33-54.
Rodon, T., & Grey, M. (2009). The long and winding road to self-government: The Nunavik and Nunatsiavut experiences. In F. Abele, T.J. Couchene, F.L. Seidle, & F. St-Hilaire (Eds.), The Art of the State IV: Northern Exposure; Peoples, Powers and Prospects in Canada’s North (pp.317-343). Montreal, QC: Institute for Research on Public Policy.
Rotabi, K. S., Gammonley, D., & Gamble, D. N. (2006). Ethical guidelines for study abroad: Can we transform ugly Americans into engaged global citizens? British Journal of Social Work, 36, 451–465.
Statistics Canada (2006). Educational Portrait of Canada: Aboriginal Population. 2006 Census of Canada Analysis Series. Retrieved April 7, 2011 from Statistics Canada, http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-560/p17-eng.cfm
Taylor, D. M., Crago, M. B., & McAlpine, L. (1993). Education in Aboriginal communities: Dilemmas around empowerment. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 20, 176-183.
Tester, F. J., & Kulchyski, P. (1994). Tammarniit (mistakes): Inuit relocation in the Eastern Arctic, 1939-63. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
Thomson, W., Aitken, O., & Ives, N. (2008). Final report of the Rethinking social work education in First Nations and Inuit communities project, funded by Ministère de l’Education, du Loisir et du Sport de Quebec.
Vick-Westgate, A. (2002). Nunavik: Inuit controlled education in Arctic Quebec. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
Weaver, S. M. (2007). Cultivating connections with parents. The Clearing House, 81, 5-7.
Wehbi, S. (2009). Deconstructing motivations: Challenging international social work placements. International Social Work, 52, 48-59.
Wilson, G.N. (2008). Nested federalism in Arctic Quebec: A comparative perspective. Canadian Journal of Political Science 41 (1), 71-92.
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Published
2012-04-02
How to Cite
Ives, N., Sinha, V., Leman, D., Levy-Powell, R., & Thomson, W. (2012). Exploring the Intersection of Culture and Education in Nunavik. Journal of Comparative Social Work, 7(1), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v7i1.78
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