You will never again be a Chilean like the others
From diaspora to diasporic practices among Chilean refugees returning from exile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v6i1.57Keywords:
Chile, refugees, exile, return migration, diaspora, diasporic practice, diasporic consciousnessAbstract
In this paper we focus on repatriation of refugees who came to Norway after the coup d'état in Chile in 1973. The Chilean refugees formed part of a diaspora during exile. The authors’ concern is the returnees' relationship with the diaspora upon return. The purpose of the article is to discuss whether the notion of diaspora may contribute to an understanding of the situation of the returnees. Diaspora is widely used in migration studies, although the concept is not particularly related to studies on refugees and their return. The article is based on interviews with Chilean returnees from Norwegian exile. The authors argue that their situation may be best understood as one of continued diasporic identity and diasporic consciousness.
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Rebolledo, L. (2006). Memorias del des/exilio, In J.d.P Artigas (Ed.) Exiliados, emigrados y retornados, Santiago de Chile: RiL editors.
Sánchez, D. (2008). Social work and professional training in post-dictatorship Chile. In Östen Ragnar Walbeck (2002). The concept of diaspora as an analytical tool in the study of refugee communities. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 221-238.
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Valenta, M., & Berg, B. (2003). Tilbakevending? Evaluering av tilbakevendingsordningen for flyktninger. Trondheim: SINTEF Teknologiledelse IFIM.
Vertovec, S. (1999). Conceiving and Researching Transnationalism, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22:2, 447-462.
Williams, L. (2007). Home alone. In L. Dominelli (Ed.), Revitalising communities in a globalising world, Aldershot: Ashgate.
Wright, T. C., & Zúñiga, R. O. (2007). Chilean Political Exile, Latin American Perspectives, Issue 155, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 31 – 49.
Appadurai, A., & Breckenridge, C. (1995). “On moving targets”, Public Culture 2, i-iv.
Appadurai, A. (1995). The production of locality, In R. Fardon (Ed.), Counterworks: Managing the diversity of knowledge, London: Routledge.
Artigas, J. d. P. (2006). Los chilenos en el exterior. Datos clantitativos. In J. d. P. Artigas (Ed.), Exiliados, emigrados y retornados, Santiago de Chile: RiL editors.
Askeland, G. A., & Sønneland, A. M. (2007). Drøm og virkelighet, tilbakevending til Chile. Tidsskrift for migrasjonsforskning, No. 2, pp. 6-19.
Basch, L, Schiller, N. G., & Blanc, C. S. (1994). Nations Unbound. Transnational projects, Postcolonial predicaments and Deterritorialized Nation-States. Basel: Gordon and Breach.
Benedetti, M. (1984). El desexilio y otras conjeturas, Madrid: El País.
Berg, B., & Lauritsen. K. (2009). Eksil og livsløp. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
Berg, B. (2010). Eksilets stoppesteder. Fra flukt og asyl til integrering og transnasjonale liv. Trondheim: NTNU. Fakultet for samfunnsvitenskap og teknologiledelse, Institutt for sosialt arbeid og helsevitenskap. Avhandling for graden philosophiae doctor.
Bolzman, C. (1994). Stages and Modes of Incorporation of Exiles in Switzerland: The Example of Chilean Refugees, Innovation. The European Journal of Social Sciences, 7 (3), pp. 321-333
Bolzman, C. (2002). De l’exil a la diaspora: l’exemple de la migration chilienne, Autrepart (22): 91-107
Braziel, J. E., & Mannur, A. (2003). Nation, Migration, Globalization: Points of Contention in Diaspora Studies, J. E. Brazier, & A. Mannur (Eds.) Theorizing diaspora: a reader, Blackwell Publishing.
Brubaker, R. (2005). The ‘diaspora’ diaspora, Ethnic and Racial studies, 28: 1-19
Ghanem, T. (2005). Following repatriation, the beginning of homelessness? In A. Bolesta (Ed.), Refugee Crisis and International Response. Towards a Permanent Solution? Bialystoc: Libya.
Gustafson, P. (2002). More or less transnational: Two unwritten papers, In Maja Povranović Frykman (Ed.), Transnational spaces: Disciplinary perspectives. Willi Brandt Conference Preceedings. Malmö: Malmö University.
Hall, S. (2003). Cultural Identity and Diaspora, J. E. Brazier,& A. Mannur (Eds.), Theorizing diaspora: A reader, Blackwell Publishing.
Jonassen, W., Holm-Hansen, J., & Tesli, A. (2000). Tilbake etter landflyktighet. Tilbakevending og reintegrering av bosniske flyktninger, Oslo: NIBR.
King, R., & Christow, A. (2009). Cultural Geographies of Diaspora, Migration and Transnationalism. Perspectives from the Study of Second-Generation ’Returnees’, University of Sussex: Sussex Centre for Migration Research.
Koser, K., & Black, R. (1999). The end of the refugee cycle? In K. Black (Ed.): The end of the Refugee Cycle? New York: Berghahn Books.
Lira, E., & Loveman, B. (2005). Políticas de reparación. Chile 1990 – 2004, Santiago: LOM editors.
Llambias-Wolff, J. (1993). The Voluntary Repatriation Process of Chilean Exiles, International Migration, Vol. 31 (4), pp. 579-591.
Lyons, K., Mansion, K, & Karlsen, M. (2006). International perspectives on social work. Global conditions and local practice, Houndsmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mavroudi, E. (2007). Diaspora as Process: (De) Constructing Boundaries, Geography Compass, 1/3, pp. 467-479.
Médam, A. (1993). Diaspora/Diasporas. Archétype et typologiel, Revue Européenne des Migrations Internacionals, Vol. 9, 1. pp. 59 – 66.
Miliban, R. (1964). Socialism and the myth of the golden past, Socialist register, Vol. 1, http://socialistregister.com/index.php/srv/article/view/5931/0
Moulián, T. (2002). Chile. Anatomía de un mito, Samtiago: LOM editors.
Munch, M. (1994). Det gyldne eksilet. En sosialantropologisk studie av repatrieringen til Chile. Master’s thesis. Oslo: University of Oslo.
Pietersee, J. N. (2001). Hybridity, so what? The Anti-Hybridity Backlash and the Riddles of Recognition. Theory, Culture and Society, Vol. 18 (nos. 2-3), pp. 219-245.
Pilkington, H., & Flynn, M. (2003). A diaspora in diaspora? Russian returnees confront the “homeland”, Refugee, Vol. 23, No. 2.
Ramón, S. (Ed.) Social work in the context of Political Conflict. Birmingham: Venture Press.
Rebolledo, L., & Acuña, M. E. (2001). ‘Narrativas del exilio chileno’, In Anuales Nueva época, N/E 3-4, pp. 223-241, Göteborgs Universitet.
Rebolledo, L. (2006). Memorias del des/exilio, In J.d.P Artigas (Ed.) Exiliados, emigrados y retornados, Santiago de Chile: RiL editors.
Sánchez, D. (2008). Social work and professional training in post-dictatorship Chile. In Östen Ragnar Walbeck (2002). The concept of diaspora as an analytical tool in the study of refugee communities. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 221-238.
Shahidian, H. (2000). Sociology and Exile: Banishment and Tensional Loyalties, Current Sociology, 48; 71.
Valenta, M., & Berg, B. (2003). Tilbakevending? Evaluering av tilbakevendingsordningen for flyktninger. Trondheim: SINTEF Teknologiledelse IFIM.
Vertovec, S. (1999). Conceiving and Researching Transnationalism, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22:2, 447-462.
Williams, L. (2007). Home alone. In L. Dominelli (Ed.), Revitalising communities in a globalising world, Aldershot: Ashgate.
Wright, T. C., & Zúñiga, R. O. (2007). Chilean Political Exile, Latin American Perspectives, Issue 155, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 31 – 49.
Published
2011-04-01
How to Cite
Askeland, G. A., & Sønneland, A. M. (2011). You will never again be a Chilean like the others: From diaspora to diasporic practices among Chilean refugees returning from exile. Journal of Comparative Social Work, 6(1), 52–69. https://doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v6i1.57
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